This project describes the design and implementation of an energy-efficient solar tracking system from a normal mechanical single axis to a hybrid dual axis. For optimizing the solar tracking mechanism electromechanical systems were evolved through the implementation of different evolutional algorithms and methodologies. To present the tracker, a hybrid dual-axis solar tracking system is designed, built, and tested based on both the solar map and light sensor-based continuous tracking mechanism. These light sensors also compare the darkness and cloudy and sunny conditions assisting daily tracking. The designed tracker can track the sun’s apparent position at different months and seasons; thereby the electrical controlling device requires a real-time clock device for guiding the tracking system in seeking the solar position for the seasonal motion. So the combination of both of these tracking mechanisms made the designed tracker a hybrid one.
The power gain and system power consumption are compared with a static and continuous dual-axis solar tracking system. It is found that the power gain of a hybrid dual-axis solar tracking system is almost equal to a continuous dual-axis solar tracking system, whereas the power saved in system operation by the hybrid tracker is 44.44% compared to the continuous tracking system.
Table of Contents
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
ABSTRACT
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1Overview
1.2 Project description
1.4 Background
1.5 Tracking system
1.5.1 Active tracking
1.5.2 Passive Tracking
1.5.2 Sensors
1.6 MOTIVATION
1.7 PROBLEM STATEMENT AND OBJECTIVE
1.8 APPLICATIONS OF SOLAR ENERGY
1.9 ADVANTAGES OF SOLAR ENERGY
Chapter 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Difference between single and dual-axis tracker
2.2 Solar Tracking
2.3 Technology of Solar Panel
2.4 Evolution of Solar Tracker
Chapter 3
PROJECT DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
3.1 Prototype of Designed Tracker.
3.2 Operation of the Solar Tracker
3.3 TYPES OF SOLAR TRACKERS (BASED ON THE DESIGN OF PANEL)
3.4 TRACKER COMPONENTS
3.5 Mounting System
Chapter 4
TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES
4.1 Hardware used with technical specifications
4.1.1 2n2222 Transistor
4.1.2 SPDT Relay
4.1.3 Capacitors
4.1.4 Arduino Uno
4.1.5 H-Bridge
4.1.6 Motors
4.1.7 Resistor:
4.1.8 Light Dependent Resistor:
4.1.9 Solar Panel:
Chapter 5
Conclusion
References
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